Most advanced variant of Mig-21?

Most advanced variant of Mig-21?

J-7G is called the most advanced variant of Mig-21 which can fire Beyond visual range munitions such as   medium range air to sir missiles.
Aircraft's production was started during 2000's and still J-7G is active in service of PLAAF.

It have many fourth generation technologies such as full glass cockpit ,multi functional HOD display and Chinese Helmet mounted sight etc .

Its speed(Mac 2.2) and operational altitude make it competitor of American F-16's even it is advanced than early American F-16A fighters.

It have KLJ-6F fire control radar which have 86+ km range.
It can carry C-704 anti-ship missiles too for maritime role.

For ground attack role,it can carry 3000kg heavy bombs included guided and unguided bombs and rocket pods.

#ZA/SA

Basic information about JF-17 Thunder aircraft program.

Basic information about JF-17 Thunder aircraft program.

Collaboratively produced by the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) and Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC), the JF-17 Thunder lightweight multi-role fighter is the emerging mainstay fighter platform of the Pakistan Air Force (PAF). Borne from the PAF’s need for an adept and affordable backbone fighter unencumbered by external, particularly Western, supplier costs and pressures, the JF-17 is also Pakistan’s gateway to aircraft manufacturing, custom integration and design and development work.

In 1995, PAC signed a memorandum-of-understanding (MoU) with the AVIC subsidiary Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group (CAIG) to co-develop and co-produce the JF-17, then known as the FC-1 and Super-7. The first Super-7/FC-1 prototype (renamed to JF-17) rolled-out from CAIG’s facilities in May 2003. In August 2003, the JF-17 prototype (PT-1) had conducted its maiden test flight in China. Development of the JF-17 airframe continued, with PT-4 incorporating noticeable changes, most notably the inclusion of diverterless supersonic inlet (DSI) and leading-edge root extensions (LERX).

For the final design, the PAF opted to use the Klimov RD-93 turbofan engine from Russia. The RD-93 is an afterburning turbofan engine with digital electronic engine control (DEEC). Its thrust (with afterburner) is 85.3 kN (8,700 kgf). The RD-93 is a variant of the Klimov RD-33, which powers the Mikoyan MiG-29. The JF-17 will be using the RD-93 for the foreseeable future, but PAC did not dismiss an engine change for the program. The Klimov RD-33MK and Guizhou WS-13 were listed as potential options.

In the cockpit, the JF-17’s human-machine interface (HMI) comprises of three multi-function displays (MFD), hands-on-throttle-and-stick (HOTAS) interface and head-up display (HUD). The JF-17 Block-I had used a hybrid flight control system: bank and yaw were managed mechanically and pitch electronically.

Under the co-production workshare agreement with AVIC, PAC would manufacture 58% of the airframe’s subassemblies, including its wings, horizontal stabilizer and vertical tail. The remaining 42% – including the fuselage – would be sourced from CAIG. However, final assembly would take place in PAC, which – via its Aircraft Manufacturing Factory (AMF) – has the capacity to rollout 25 JF-17s per year. In 2005, PAC began manufacturing certain components. By 2009, it had ramped up to manufacturing its share of the airframe.

The JF-17 entered PAF service in 2010 by replacing the PAF No. 26 squadron’s Nanchang A-5 Fantan attack aircraft. In 2011, the second (and final) A-5 squadron, No. 16, also switched over to the JF-17. The No. 16 and No. 26 operate the JF-17 Block-I, which was introduced to primarily deploy beyond-visual-range air-to-air missiles (BVRAAM), so as to bolster the PAF’s air defence capabilities.

The JF-17 Block-I was armed with the SD-10 BVRAAM, which was guided by the Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology (NRIET) KLJ-7 multi-mode X-band pulse-Doppler radar. The NRIET KLJ-7 is capable of displaying 64 search targets in the Range-While-Search-mode and tracking eight targets under track-while-scanning (TWS) mode. It can simultaneously engage two targets with radar-guided air-to-air missiles, such as the SD-10 BVRAAM. The Block-I and Block-II are also armed with the PL-5EII within-visual-range air-to-air missile (WVRAAM).

In 2013, PAC and AVIC had begun manufacturing the improved JF-17 Block-II. The JF-17 Block-II introduced in-flight refueling capabilities through a removable hose-and-drogue probe and increased oxygen supply for longer-endurance flights. The JF-17 Block-II achieved full operational capability (FOC) in 2015. Since then, the PAF’s No. 2 and No. 14 squadrons had swapped their Chengdu F-7Ps for JF-17 Block-II fighters. As of 2017, the PAF has also certified the deployment of precision-guided and stand-off range munitions from the JF-17, specifically theRange Extension Kit (REK) and C-802 anti-ship missile. PAC will also integrate the ASELPOD electro-optical targeting pod from Turkey’s Aselsan, which will enable the JF-17 to guide munitions against fixed and moving targets as well as undertake reconnaissance roles.

By September 2017, PAC rolled-out 90 JF-17 Block-I and Block-II fighters. These have been deployed with four frontline squadrons and a fifth unit at the PAF’s Combat Commanders School (CCS). The PAF had originally intended to acquire 100 JF-17 Block-I and Block-II fighters to help supplant 190 legacy F-7P and Mirage III/5 fighters. The PAF envisages equipping the JF-17 with the same kinds of air-to-surface and air-to-air munitions found on contemporary platforms, be it BVRAAM, WVRAAM, laser-guided bombs (LGB), precision-guided bombs (PGB), anti-ship missiles and, eventually, air-launched cruise missiles and various other stand-off range munitions (e.g. glide bombs and anti-radiation missiles).

Having realized the JF-17’s preliminary goal of being an affordable and adept backbone fighter, the PAF is now steering the JF-17 to become its qualitative driver. Historically, imported fighters from the West were viewed as means to introduce new-generation systems and capabilities to the PAF fleet, but with the rising cost of importing such arms, the PAF has staked that essential role to the forthcoming JF-17 Block-III.

The PAF expects to see the JF-17 Block-III enter production in 2019 or 2020. The JF-17 Block-III will utilize an active electronically-scanned array (AESA) radar , which will imbue the JF-17 with enhanced defensibility against electronic warfare (EW) jamming. This will join an integrated electronic countermeasures (ECM) and EW suite along with a helmet-mounted display and sight (HMD/S) system. The JF-17 will also be configured with a high off-boresight (HOBS) AAM (see Quwa’s background briefs on HOBS AAM and HMD/S for context). The JF-17 Block-III will also eschew the hybrid flight control system for a three-axis fly-by-wire (FBW) flight control system.

Bridging the JF-17 Block-II and the JF-17 Block-III is the two-seat JF-17B. The JF-17B made its maiden test flight in April 2017. The two-seat variant incorporates several design changes to the JF-17 Block-I/II, among them a swept-back vertical stabilizer. The first JF-17B was joined PAF in December 2017.

Credit/data from - Quwa
 #ZA/SA

How China and Russia can defeat USA in air to air war?

How China and Russia can defeat USA in air to air war?

There is not much official information available about PLAAF's J-20, the aircraft appears to have been optimized to high-speeds, long-range, stealth and a heavy internal payload. With a combination of reduced radar cross-section and high supersonic speed.
Armed with internally carried PL-15 missiles. It is possible that the J-20 could be used to threaten U.S. Air Force tankers and ISR assets in the Pacific theatre.
Chinese derivatives of the Su-27 Flanker can become threat for U.S. tankers, maritime patrol and command and control aircrafts by using long-range air-to-air missiles.

A new generation of Russian and Chinese-built long-range air-to-air missiles could threaten the critical nodes that enable U.S. air operations. Those nodes include the AWACS, various intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) assets, aerial refueling tankers and electronic attack aircraft.

While often overlooked in favor of advanced anti-ship and surface-to-air missile systems when examining Russian and Chinese anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) capabilities, such long-range air intercept weapons,coupled with the right fighter, could cut the sinews that allow the United States to conduct sustained air operations in both the Asia-Pacific and the European theatres.
 Essentially, Russians and/or Chinese forces could pair long-range air-to-air missiles with aircraft like the Mikoyan MiG-31 Foxhound, Sukhoi T-50 PAK-FA and the Chengdu J-20 to attack American AWACS, JTARS and aerial refueling tankers like the Boeing KC-135 or forthcoming KC-46 Pegasus.
 Especially over the vast reaches of the Pacific where airfields are few and far away.

There are three long-range air-to-air missile programs that bear watching—the Russian Vympel R-37M RVV-BD, the Novator KS-172 (aka K-100) and the Chinese PL-21.

Russia’s new R-37M RVV-BD long-range air-to-air missile is already at the initial operational capability (IOC) stage onboard the Mikoyan MiG-31BM Foxhound. It will also eventually be integrated onboard the Sukhoi Su-35S Flanker-E and the T-50 PAK-FA stealth fighter . The RVV-BD—also called the AA-13 Arrow by NATO, is claimed to have successfully intercepted targets at ranges greater than 160 nautical miles .

“The improved R-37M missile is in serial production since 2014, and now, apparently, it is in an IOC stage in squadrons of MiG-31BM upgraded interceptors. This missile is also planned for use on the T-50 fighters.

The original R-37 was originally developed by the Soviet Union to attack high-value NATO air assets such as the E-3 Sentry AWACS, E-8 JSTARS and RC-135V/W Rivet Joint. The idea was to use a high-speed fighter such as the MiG-31 which can sustain speeds of Mach 2.35 over a radius of 390 nautical miles while carrying a significant air-to-air payload with the new missile to eliminate those NATO air assets.
 An aircraft like the MiG-31 or a stealthy supersonically cruising airframe such as the PAK-FA—is ideal for such a mission because they are difficult to intercept due to their sheer speed and altitude.

After the 1991 collapse of the Soviet Union, the Russian defense industry continued work on the R-37 project but progress came slowly. The 1990s was an especially difficult time for the Russian defense industry as funding slowed to a trickle. Indeed, the original Soviet-era R-37 was cancelled before being restarted as the current RVV-BD variant.

The R-37M is likely to utilize a combination of inertial guidance with course corrections from the launch aircraft and active radar guidance for the terminal phase. During combat operations, aircraft like the MiG-31 would make a high-speed dash towards its target and launch a numbers of R-37Ms.
The Foxhound would likely track the target with its powerful Zaslon-M phased array radar and feed data to the missile until the weapons’ own radar went active. It might also have a home-on-jam feature similar to the one found onboard the U.S.-made AIM-120D AMRAAM to counter airborne electronic attack aircraft such as the Boeing EA-18G Growler.

The Soviet Union was well aware that one of NATO and the United States Air Force’s primary advantages was their ability to run a coordinated air campaign using assets such as the AWACS.
The Soviet Union explored a variety of methods to counter aircraft such as the AWACS,including passive-homing long-range air-to-air weapons. E.g, K-100.
(the theme of air-to-air missiles with passive radar homing was popular in the Soviet Union in the 1980s)

Indeed, the problem is not just that the PL-15/21 would out-range the AMRAAM, when coupled with the J-20, the Chinese could attack the tankers and ISR aircraft that would be the key enablers during any air campaign over the Pacific.

In order to sustain F-22 operations over Taiwan from Guam, the U.S. Air Force would need to launch three to four tanker sorties per hour to deliver 2.6 million gallons of fuel. That’s a fact that has not likely escaped Beijing’s air to air attack, and these attacks can put America in great loss or a big defeat in Air to Air war.

#ZA/SA

Pakistan successfully training launch nuclear capable tactical Nasr Ballistic missile.

Pakistan successfully training launch nuclear capable tactical Nasr Ballistic missile.

(24-01-2019)

The Nasr is a solid fueled tactical ballistic missile system developed by National Development Complex (NDC) of Pakistan.

It can equipped with 400 kg conventional high explosive, cluster munition or plutonium or uranium tactical nuclear weapon.

It is a Multi-tube Ballistic missile and its launcher can launch multiple missiles in a time. Its first test was occurred in during 2011 and it entered service after further testing in 2013.

It is a small ballistic missile which carries a sub-kiloton tactical nuclear weapon out to a range of 70km.

 The system appears to have been developed as a "low-yield battlefield deterrent" targeted at "mechanized forces like armed brigades and divisions.

It is believed by analysts that the system is deployed to deter and respond to India's "Cold Start" doctrine.

It have high accuracy, shoot and scoot attributes" for "quick response.

Pakistan confirmed that these tactical nuclear weapons are intended to be used against Indian troops on Pakistani soil. According to analysts, if used just inside Pakistani territory, it would counter cold start doctrine and maximize ionizing radiation exposure while minimizing blast effects which would be more dangerous for the Indian army than for local people as the blast yield is much lower than strategic nuclear weapons.

#ZA/SA

The very first Blue on Blue incident in "Subcontinent" First friendly fire causality region of subcontinent.

The very first Blue on Blue incident in
 "Subcontinent"
First friendly fire causality region of subcontinent.

 Achievement is held by none other than indian airforce during the 1971 indo-Pak war.

During 1971 war, Pakistan air force operated Dassault Mirage IIIR for photo reconnaissance  missions. Mirages conducted regular photo reconnaissance missions in Ferozpur area to update ground commanders about indian reinforcement efforts aimed at vacating the incursion.

An important mission involved reconnaissance of crossing points over Gang Canal for a careful scrutiny of obstacles across the waterway that could possibly impede the movement of II Corps of indian army.

Two pilots who played a sterling role in the photo reconnaissance operations were Sqn Ldr Farooq Umar and Flt Lt Najib Akhtar. Of the 30 photo reconnaissance  sorties(besides 15 escorts)flown by No 5. Squadron "Falcon" before and during the war, 22 were considered successful.

In Shakargarh Sector,a few night reconnaissance missions were attempted with partial success.
In one such mission on the night of 11 December ,an IAF mig-2Fishbed tried to intercept a Mirage flown by Sqn Ldr Farooq umar.

But instead of getting a frag on enemy aircraft ,the Mig-21 ended up shooting down one of its own Mig-21s flown by Flt Lt A B Dhavle, which was patrolling in vicinity.
 Four-odd Bomb Damage Assessment missions were also flown following the initial strikes on runways.

#ZA/SA

Defence comparison of Indian Kolkata class destroyer and Chinese Type 054A+ Frigate

Defence comparison of Indian Kolkata class destroyer and Chinese Type 054A+ Frigate


Defence is one of the most important parameters of any Naval ship. A ship quality is mostly based on it defence not its attack.
For defence against fighter jets Surface to air missiles are mounted on the ship and to protect against the incoming missiles Close in weapon system (CIWS) are mounted on it.

Here is a comparison of Indian front line ship Kolata class destroyer and Chinese Type 054A+ Frigate which Pakistan ordered (4 of them)

Remind you we are comparing a destroyer with a frigate so you would expect that in every case the destroyers must overcome the frigate by far margin but the result is something else. Not much difference. Either the modern Chinese frigate is close to destroyer or Indian Destroyer is less armed for a destroyer


∆.Displacement
Kolkata class destroyer: 7500 tons
Type 054A+ Frigate: 4100 tons

∆.Surface to air Missiles
Indian Kolkata class destroyer uses Israel made Barak 8 missiles. 4x8 cells (32) are mounted on the ship. Barak 8 has a max range of 90 km.

Chinese Type 054A+ is mounted with 1x32 cells HQ-16 missiles of Naval variant. HQ-16 (Naval variant) has a max range of 75 km.


Conclusion:
As a destroyer you expect Kolkata class to be equipped with more than 32 missiles with range more than 120-130 km. While Type 054A+ Frigate to be equipped with 35-40 km range with less than 32 missiles but it ant happening here.


Close in Weapon System (CIWS)
CIWS engaged upcoming antiship missiles

Kolkata class:
Kolkata class consists of 1x4 Soviet/Russian made 1ST generation AK-630 CIWS. Develop in the 1970. Russia now uses Kashtan (Chestnut) CIWS which is the best CIWS in the world. AK-630 1st Generation is still exported to other countries like India and it is also used by Russia to protect its smaller ships like corvettes. It can effectively detect upcoming missile traveling at a speed of mach 2.
Fire rate: 5000 rounds per minute
Range: 4 km
Develop: 1970

Type 054A+
Type 054A+ is mounted with Type 1130 Third generation CIWS which is one of the best CIWS that it is able to intercept incoming anti-ship missiles up to a speed of Mach 4 with a 96% success rate.
Fire rate: 11,000 rounds per minute
Range: 3 km
Develop: late 2000

Type 054 consists of 3 variants. The early Type 054 consists of same type of CIWS which is mounted on Kolkata class i.e. 4x 1ST generation AK-630 CIWS. Later in Type 054A Chinese made 2nd generation Type 730 CIWS were used. 2x type 730. These 2 can provide more safety than those old 1st generation 4 AK-630 CIWS. Later in Type 054A+ 3rd generation Type 1130 CIWS is used.


Not only 2 x type 1130 ciws are mounted on type 054A+ frigate 2 × Type 726-4 18-tube decoy rocket launchers are also mounted on it. decoy launching system provide 360° coverage, and will effectively counter advanced threats like small range gate Radio Frequency (RF) missiles, imaging Infra-Red (IR) seekers missiles, and advanced next generation torpedoes. Defense against multiple missiles and torpedoes requires fast response and utilization of advanced tactics supporting the latest in decoy technologies


Conclusion
Despite being a frigate Type054A+ CIWS are better than Kolkata class destroyer. Not in quality but also in QUANTITY.
#ZA/SA

World's most deadly short range MBRLs and its users?

World's most deadly short range MBRLs and its users?


TOS-1 is a 220mm heavy multi barrel rocket launcher was designed against heavy ground forces during 1987.

It have 500-6000m effective range and can fire whole 30 rockets in just 15s.

TOS-1s were first used in combat in Afghanistan's Panjshir valley by the Soviet Union during the Soviet–Afghan War.

Later, they were used during the Second Chechen War, prominently by the Russian Army during the Battle of Grozny in 1999.

TOS-1As were first used in combat in Iraq by the Iraqi Army in the recapture of Jurf Al Sakhar on October 24, 2014 from ISIL forces.
The Iraqi Army launched at least three TOS-1 rockets on 18 June 2017 during the first day of an offensive to recapture the Old City of Mosul, Iraq, from the Islamic State, targeting school buildings held by Islamic State forces and known to be devoid of civilians.

The OSCE reported in September 2015 that the TOS-1 was sighted in a rebel training area in eastern Ukraine.

The TOS-1 was used in Syria on October 10, 2015 by Syrian Army forces against rebel forces in Hama.

In 2016 it was used against rebel forces in the Latakia mountains.

It was used again by the Syrian Army in April 2017 in the area of Palmyra, and later that same month to destroy an ISIS camp.

 Used once more by the SAA against ISIS in Al-Safa region in November 2018.

Azerbaijan used the TOS-1A against the Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army on April 4, 2016.

Still these systems are under service of more than four countries.

#ZA/SA

New Russian and Chinese Weapons Could make Aircraft Carrier Obsolete?

New Russian and Chinese Weapons Could make Aircraft Carrier Obsolete

“Western governments have become acutely aware of the problems of this financial imbalance in the counterinsurgency context, when they found themselves using weapons costing $70,000, sometimes fired from aircraft that cost $30,000 an hour to fly, to destroy a Toyota pick-up vehicle that might be optimistically valued at $10,000,” the report went on. “Missiles costing (much) less than half a million pounds [$642,000] a unit could at least disable a British aircraft carrier that costs more than £3 billion [$3.9 billion]. Indeed, a salvo of ten such missiles would cost less than $5 million.”

The British report is in response to America’s Third Offset Strategy , the Pentagon’s search for ways to maintain U.S. military superiority amid the rise of asymmetric warfare. The ability of a missile or a computer virus to destroy or disable expensive Cold War–era weapons like aircraft carriers or tanks, or the satellites and computer networks that support them, has left U.S. planners grappling with how to devise new capabilities while rendering older weapons less vulnerable.

But what makes the RUSI report particularly interesting is the nation that authored it. With one-twelfth the defense budget of the United States, Britain can’t afford to lavish money on numerous projects like their cousins across the pond do. So, by necessity, the British study offers a particularly clear-eyed view of the situation.

For example, RUSI points out that the current situation should come as no surprise. The United States fielded stealth aircraft and cruise missiles more than twenty-five years ago. “It would be naive to expect that Russia and China are not where leading NATO states were three decades ago.”

Nor can the West count on technological superiority. American and British armed forces are configured to fight overseas, in expeditionary forces or in support of or allies. In contrast, Russia and China have chosen to focus on fighting near their home borders, such as eastern Europe Or the Southern side...

#ZA/SA

Can air wing of Chinese aircraft carrier handle other aircraft carriers of this region?

Can air wing of Chinese aircraft carrier handle other aircraft carriers of this region?


The Liaoning’s air wing represents a significant leap in air capability for the PLAN, but its inherent capability is limited much like the carrier itself.

The aircraft aboard the Liaoning are capable and advanced, but remain restricted primarily by the ship’s aircraft launching system and relatively insufficient amount of personnel training.(as Chinese was started training during 2012)

While the Liaoning’s air wing of 24 Shenyang J-15 multirole fighters is larger and more capable than the anti-submarine helicopters embarked aboard the Japanese Izumo, it falls well short of Ronald Reagan’s over 55 fixed-wing aircraft.

The fixed-wing aircraft aboard the Liaoning, although advanced, are limited in both range and endurance.

Actually J-15 aircraft are Chinese-modified variants of the Russian fourth-generation Sukhoi Su-33.
These Fourth-generation fighters boast digital flight avionics and advanced radars that represent a significant improvement over the analog systems of third-generation aircraft, but lack the low-observable stealth technology of fifth-generation fighter aircraft like the American F-35C.

Now everyone can get situation , J-15 can not be compare with fifth generation fighters but it can be compare with Super Hornets of US navy. Due to this Chinese have huge loss.

For its better solution , PLANF are working on its new carrier based stealth fighter J-31.

So in this time, I don't think Chinese carrier based aircrafts can handle US navy.
But they can handle Japan and Korea with better numbers.


#ZA/SA

India’s T-90 Bheeshma MBT vs Pakistan’s Al-Khalid MBT

India’s T-90 Bheeshma MBT vs Pakistan’s Al-Khalid MBT


The Indian Army has operated the Russian export model of the T-72 built under license as the Ajeya Main Battle Tank for decades. India has struggled in upgrading these tanks in the numbers it requires for current demand by the army.

The Arjun Main Battle Tank is a indian made MBT, that has been under development for some years and in service in low numbers. Its larger size and weight compared to the AJeya has caused logistical problems in transporting the tank.Combining the above problems with Pakistan and China producing new tanks, it was decided to purchase the export version of the T-90,The T-90S Main Battle Tank.

T-90S were purchased in 2001 under the designation T-90S Bhishma and further purchases of an upgraded version designated the T-90M Bhishma planned to equip a staggering 20+ armoured regiments in the Indian Army.

Whereas ,The Al Khalid main battle tank was jointly developed by China and Pakistan. It is a further development of the Chinese Type 90-II tank. In the late 1990s it was marketed for export as the MBT-2000.

Pakistan acquired production license of this MBT. The Al Khalid is named after the legendary general Khalid ibn al-Walid. First deliveries of this tank were made in 2002. The Al Khalid is currently in service with Pakistan in large numbers.

Weight:
Al-khalid 46 tonnes
 T-90 46.5 tonnes

Crew of Al-khalid
3(commander,Driver and guner)

Crew of T-90
3(commander,Driver and gunner)


Engine and Performance:
T-90 Bheeshma
950 hp

AL-Khalid
1,200 hp Power

Maximum Road Speed:
T-90 60 km/h
Al-khalid 72 kmh

perational Range:
Al-khalid 550 km
T-90 500 km

Armour of both tanks:

T-90 Bheeshma
has a welded composite armor hull with a built-in Kontakt-5 explosive reactive armor blocks.Its protection is enhanced by 9K119 Refleks ATGM , which significantly reduces the chance of being hit by enemy ATGW with semi-automatic guidance.


Al-khalid has a composite armor and is fitted with add-on explosive reactive armor blocks. It is also fitted with NBC protection and automatic fire suppression systems. It also has a advanced laser detection warning system.
Tank can safe himself from biological,chemical or in nuclear attack.

Both have same firing range and projectile
#ZA/SA

Anti-personal and anti-tank Mines and their Use in Wars"

Anti-personal and anti-tank Mines and their Use in Wars"


Anti-personnel Mines and anti tank mines are designed for used against humans and vehicles.

With respect to anti-personal mines, anti tank Mines have
more effective explosive payloads (different explosive compounds and shaped charge effects) use of non-ferrous materials making them harder to detect.

Anti-personal mines are often designed to badly injure not kill, victim soldier may lose his legs due to its blast.But many Mines are now designed for killings.

Anti-tank mines were first used in First world war,it was Germans invention.
Blast of Anti-tank mines cover 15% area of a battle tank.But it mostly stop the movement of a tank and also can kill crew of the tank sometimes.

During First World war, Mines accounted for 15% of US tank casualties.Mostly tanks totaly destroyed and crew killed.

But During 2nd World war, every country used these Mines widely.
For example, in the Battle of Kursk, Russian combat engineers laid a staggering 503,663 AT mines, for a density of 1500 mines per kilometer.This was four times greater than what was seen in the Battle of Moscow.

During 2nd world war,
anti-tank mines were responsible for 20-22% of Allied tank losses.Reason of mostly Allied losses was German Tellermine anti-tank mine.

In modern era Anti-personal and anti-tank Mines can be fired from howitzers and aircrafts.Also many Cluster bombs are designed for to spread Mines in enemy land.

American M-15 anti-tank Mine of 2nd World war era is still most effective anti-tank Mine.

According to Ottawa Treaty 1997, many countries banned use of Mines, But this treaty has not yet been accepted by many countries including America, Israel, Russia, China, Pakistan and India.

(Personally I am against the use of anti-personal mines)

#ZA/SA

Some facts about Arjun MBT project!

Some facts about Arjun MBT project
 (I tried to remains neutral )

Arjun is a Indian made main battle tank that have World class German main rifled gun,
Arjun have strong armour and protection system.

Project of Arjun tank started in 1972-74 by CVRDE and DRDO and Indian govt planned to mass production of this tank in 1996,
Govt give initial 2.3million $ for initial design in May 1974,
DRDO had spent 44.7million dollars but mass production did not started.
 In 1988,trials of two prototypes revealed major deficiencies in mobility,engine and transmission.

Again trails in 1996 and 1997, but Arjun faced persistent problems of over heating and failure of tank's main subsystems,fire control system,the suspension system,gunner's main sight,included thermal imager and laser range-finder due to high internal temperature,

During 2004,army accepted Arjun as MBT without some improvements but it shown bad results in coming years. As

Arjun tank was fielded during Aswameda exercise in 2007,
 Indian army cited several deficiencies that included
"Deficient fire control system, inaccuracy of main gun, very low speed in tactical areas , inability to operate in temperature over 50°C .

In 2007 during Winter trails,again army deemed Arjun's performance unsatisfactory due to four engine failure during running.

During starting Summer of 2008, Arjun was found failure of power packs, low accuracy and consistency, failure of hydropneumatic suspension units, shearing of top rollers and chipping of gun barrel.

After huge unsuccessful trials, Army signed a deal with Russia to import 347 T-90 tanks.
But it was not end
 In 2008,Army announced plans to acquire an entirely new main battle tank unrelated to the Arjun,to be inducted after 2020,

During 2016, CAGI reported that,
"Arjun tanks have not be operational since 2013 due to lack of spare parts"

In 2017, according to official reports 75℅ fleet was grounded due to lack of spare parts.

 Its Heavy weight is also a biggest problem.

#SA/ZA

S-125 air defence system Bright History and military missions.

S-125 air defence system
 Bright History and military missions.

S-125 first deployed in 1961 around Moscow as air defence shield.
This air defence have shorter effective range and lower engagement altitude than its predecessors and also flies slower.
But due to its two stages, it is more effective against more maneuverable target.
Its operational range is 35km and it can hit target at 18000 meters altitude.

Its best thing is that, it also can engage low flying targets.

Russia didn’t used them in Vietnam due to fear of Chinese reverse engineering.
But Russia sold them dozens of countries world wide included Arab countries.

During March-July 1970 Arab Israel war,
 S-125 shoot down 9 Israeli war planes,Some of Algerian defence sites also captured by Israeli troops.

On January 1991, F-16C of American airforce shoot down and on this same month B-52 also damged by S-125.

But in all, its biggest achievement was that:
Yugoslav Army shoot down American stealth fighter F-117 in March 1999 by S-125. It was only one record of downing of stealth fighter in history.
It also shoot down F-16 fighter on same month.

On March 2015, Syrian S-125 shoot down American MQ-1 Predator drone.

April 14.2018, American , British and French navel and air forces launched 103 cruise missiles against Syrian Military sites.
Near 25 intercepter missile fired from S-125 ,and it intercept 5 incoming cruise missiles.

Still this system is active in number of armed forces after many upgradations.

#ZA/SA

Pakistan can destroy S-400 air defence system. How?

Pakistan can destroy S-400 air defence system. How?

1: Try to purchase S400 or advance Chinese HQ9C to make no fly zone for both countries.
But through it, Pakistan can use tactical nuclear weapon Nsar.

2: Nuclear attack via sea side using Babur SLCM or Air Strikes using Raad Cruise missile.

3: Using thausands Fake Missiles Drone or similar objects look like Missile to ignite precious S400 missile.

4: Making long range sophist missile which can hit other areas behind S400.

5: Increases Nasr missile range enough to hit S400 battery's.

6: Aquire or develop stealth 5th generation air craft.(Through project Azam or Chinese J-31with ToT)

7: Making more lunching capabilities enough to lunch more than 100 missile in a same time.
(Noted: Ababeel have capability to carry more than two warhead in a time)

8: Develop hypersonic missile like Russia and China.

Noted:
( A-100E MLRS of Pakistan army can destroy any military headquarter or air defence sites in the radius of 120km.)
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PAK Army sets rare world record by deploying tanks at 3,176 meters above sea level.

PAK Army sets rare world record by deploying tanks at 3,176 meters above sea level

Pakistan Army has proven to the world once again why it is one of the best armies of the world. The army has set a rare world record  by deploying tanks on an elevation level that is 12,000 feet above sea level. A sight like this is rarely seen in the world.

The armored regiment of Pakistan Armoured Corps of Army took this step as part of its war against terrorists. The corps took its tanks to Brekh Muhammad Kandao Pass, part of the Koh-i-Safed in Pakistan which is nearly 3,176 meters above sea level and opposite to Torra Bora mountains of the Nangarhar province in Koh-a-Sfaad.
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Can RPG destroy a naval ship?

I think RPG can put small hole in big war ship but can not sink it. It may happen after hundred of hits or more. But sometimes, conditions may be different.

A handful of British Royal Marines nicknamed Mills' Marauders, were outnumbered by over 100–1, used an RPG to attack Argentine Corvette ARA Guerrico which was leading the attack on South Georgia. They holed it beneath the water line and destroyed its Exocet launchers and front gun causing it to withdraw from the assault. They also report “putting sniper fire through the Guerrico's bridge so they didn't know where they were going.”

In the same assault they also shot down a Puma helicopter gunship sent in to hunt them down and kill them using only small arms fire.

Their initial orders had been "When asked to surrender you are not to do so."

The 22 Royal Marines who took on Argentine Falklands invasion force

One of the marines reports - "At the end our escape route had been cut off and one of us had been hit in the arm. I was about to put some mortars down on the shore when I saw the officer walking towards the enemy. He just went up to them and said that we'd fight to the last and carry on killing them and it was the Argies who “called it a day”.” [after ceasefire] "They couldn't believe there were only 22 of us.”

The RPG was an 84mm Carl Gustav - they also fired the rounds into the officer’s wardroom and engine room to maximise panic and chaos.
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World strongest armour for tanks?

World's strongest armour for Tanks?
Electric reactive Armour

The dynamic armour was presented by British defence science and Technology Laboratory in 2010.

It is made of two layers of thin conductive armour shells,with the first layer holding a very hight amount of electric charge while the 2nd layer is at ground.

If a penetrator or a shaped charge jet pierces through the two shells, it would form a circuit and the enormous amount of electric charge held by the first layer would distrupt it and neutralize it.

This would obviously consume alot of energy due to its heavy work(its main problem).

Dynamic electric reactive armour is originally intended to be used by nuclear powered warships to protect them against shaped charge and Kinetic energy anti-ship missiles without greatly increasing their weight.

Still armour is not in active service of British ground force but it is planned for near future.

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Can a hand grenade destroy a tank?

Can a hand grenade destroy a tank?


Yes. In fact, you can destroy a tank with a single hand-grenade . If you can get close enough to a tank to put a grenade into one of the hatches then it is likely that the ammo will explode and the tank will go destroyed.

In WW2 there were several accounts of soldiers ambushing tanks and destroying them by dropping a grenade inside the tank. Remember the final action scene in the film Fury? The German soldiers drop a grenade inside the which could have very easily destroyed Fury entirely had the one guy not shielded it.

More recently,  rebel destroyed a abandoned Syrian T-72 tank by throwing a couple grenades  down the barrel, showing that high tech armour isn't everything.

Throwing one grenade on the barrel hull of tank can damage just barrel but can not destroy whole tank.
But if grenade exploded on the top of tank than it may strongly damage outer parts of tank. It may blind it.

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Development of Defense products in Pakistan

Developments of defence products in Pakistan.

With a little defence budget Pakistan military produced huge number of equipments for own use and export. Which some are given bellow.

■Guns & Small ammunitions■

●POF Eye - Special-purpose hand-held weapon system similar in concept to the CornerShot
●HK G3 - 7.62 mm calibre assault rifle produced under license.
Variants produced:
G3A3
G3P4
POF PK-8
POF PK-7
●HK MP5 - 9 mm calibre sub-machine gun produced under license.
Variants produced:
MP5A2
MP5P3
MP5P4
MP5P5
●PSR-90 - 7.62 mm calibre sniper rifle, a variant of the HK MSG-90, produced under license
●Rheinmetall MG 3 - 7.62 mm calibre general purpose machine gun, produced under license

■ Aircrafts, Trainers & Drones■

●PAC Jf17,
●Nescom Buraq, 
●Super mushaq,
● K-8 Trainer,
●GIDS shahpar,
●Jasoos by SATUMA,
●Uqab-II (Naval Variant of the Uqab)

■TANKS &howitzers & Heavy Armed Vehicles■

●Al-Khalid MBT ,
●Al-Zarar MBT
 •type-85II MBT(on license)
 •155mm Panther howitzers(on license )
 • A-100E heavy multi barrel rocket launchers (on licence)
 •Karl-21 multi-barrel rocket launcher
●TALHA APC ,
●SAAD APC,
 •Viper IFV
 Equipped with 30mm cannon , two ATGMs and a 12.7mm AA.
●AL-Hamza 8x8,
Infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) based on the Saad APC, fitted with 25 mm automatic cannon, an export product
●Armoured Recovery vehicle Al-Hadeed,
●Al-Qaswa - Armoured logistics vehicle,
●Mine Countermeasure Vessel Munsif-class ,
●Muhafiz Armoured Recovery vehicle
●Maaz command APC

■ Vessels, Ships, Frigates & Submarines■

●Fast Attack Crafts Azmat-class,
●Patrol Vessels Larkana class large patrol craft,
●Agosta 90B class submarine ,
●F-22P Zulfiquar class frigate

■ Missiles Conventional ,
Non-Conventional, Tactical, MIRV ■

● Anza Mk.1, Mk.2, Mk.3 – Man-portable air-defence system (MANPADS),
●Barq – laser guided air-to-surface missile
●Baktar-Shikan anti-tank guided missile (ATGM),
●Babur 1, 2, 3 (Hatf-VII) – ground-launched and submarine-launched cruise missile
●Hatf-VIII (Ra'ad) – Air-launched Cruise Missile
●Ghauri I – Medium-range ballistic missile
●Shaheen I – Short-range ballistic missile
●Ghauri II – Medium-range ballistic missile
●Shaheen II – Medium-range ballistic missile
●Zarb Surface to sea missile
●Ghaznavi – Short-range ballistic missile
●Hatf-I/IA – Battle-field range ballistic missile
●Abdali-I – Short-range ballistic missile
●Nasr (Hatf-IX) – Battle-field range ballistic missile
●Shaheen-III – Medium-range ballistic missile
●Ababeel Multiple Independent Reentry Vehicle – Medium range ballistic missile.

(Defence budget of Pakistan is only 0.91 Trillion out of 5.62 Trillions GDP.)
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What is Flight-19 incident?

What is Flight-19 incident ?

On 5 August 1945

Five American Avenger Torpedo bomber flown from Florida for 3 hour Routine training mission.

After two hours of flight ,squadron leader of this training mission noticed that its Compass was off and its direction was unknown.

Its fellows suffered in same condition.

Radar control station get their last confused message after two hour but nothing was cleared .

Air force estimated their path covering by shorter fuel capacity of aircrafts, that they may present in North of Bremuda triangle .

After few hours, a plane with 13 members flown for their rescue mission, but its contact lost after 3 minutes of flight .

After that, World biggest rescue mission started in Atlantic with the help of hundred of rescue planes but in vain.

6 planes and dead bodies of 27 crew men were never found.

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